Back Pain
Back Pain Overview
Low back pain is extremely common, affecting about 80% of adults at some point in their lives. It is a leading cause of job-related disability and missed work days. Pain may start suddenly from an injury or heavy lifting, or gradually due to age-related changes in the spine. Chronic back pain persists for 12 weeks or longer, and about 20% of people with acute pain develop chronic pain.
Causes
Spondylosis: Degeneration of spinal joints, discs, and bones due to aging
Intervertebral disc degeneration: Loss of cushioning as discs deteriorate
Herniated/ruptured discs: Bulging or rupture of discs causing pain
Radiculopathy / Sciatica: Nerve root compression causing pain, numbness, or tingling down the leg
Spinal stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal column, putting pressure on nerves
Diagnosis
A thorough medical history and physical exam are essential. Imaging studies (X-ray, CT, MRI) and EMG/nerve tests may be ordered to identify the cause and assess nerve involvement.
Source: NIH
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